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1 everyday
attributive adjectivealltäglich; Alltags[kleidung, -sprache]in everyday life — im Alltag; im täglichen Leben
* * *1) (happening, done used etc daily: her everyday duties.) täglich2) (common or usual: an everyday event.) alltäglich* * *ˈevery·dayadj alltäglichdeath was an \everyday occurrence back then damals war man täglich mit dem Tod konfrontiertto be an \everyday event gang und gäbe sein\everyday language Alltagssprache fto write sth in \everyday language etw verständlich formulieren\everyday life Alltagsleben nt\everyday topic Allerweltsthema ntto attend in \everyday wear (Brit) in Alltagsklamotten [o ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ Alltagsgewand] erscheinen fama word in \everyday use ein umgangssprachlich verwendetes Wort* * *['evrIdeɪ]adjalltäglich; reality täglichto be an everyday occurrence — (all)täglich vorkommen
for everyday use — für den täglichen Gebrauch
words in everyday use — Wörter pl der Alltagssprache
* * *everyday adj1. (all)täglich:everyday occurrence Alltäglichkeit f2. Alltags…:in everyday English in der englischen Alltagssprache;in everyday life im Alltag3. gewöhnlich, Durchschnitts…:* * *attributive adjectivealltäglich; Alltags[kleidung, -sprache]in everyday life — im Alltag; im täglichen Leben
* * *adj.alltäglich adj.tagtäglich adj.täglich adj. -
2 everyday
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3 Biometrics
[¸baɪəʊ`metrɪks] ▫ Техника идентификации личности на основе её биологических характеристик, пожизненных уникальных параметров (отпечатков пальцев, радужной оболочки глаза, голоса и пр.). || In use for more than a decade at some high-security government institutions in the United States and Canada, biometrics are now rapidly popping up in the everyday world. См. тж Handkey, Voiceprint, Hand Reader, Face Scanner, Iris Scanner. Син biometry. www.biometrics.org [1902]English-Russian dictionary with terms in the field of electronics > Biometrics
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4 Language
Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)[A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling itSolving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into anotherLANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own LanguageThe forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)[It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human InteractionLanguage cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language
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5 Logic
My initial step... was to attempt to reduce the concept of ordering in a sequence to that of logical consequence, so as to proceed from there to the concept of number. To prevent anything intuitive from penetrating here unnoticed, I had to bend every effort to keep the chain of inference free of gaps. In attempting to comply with this requirement in the strictest possible way, I found the inadequacy of language to be an obstacle. (Frege, 1972, p. 104)I believe I can make the relation of my 'conceptual notation' to ordinary language clearest if I compare it to the relation of the microscope to the eye. The latter, because of the range of its applicability and because of the ease with which it can adapt itself to the most varied circumstances, has a great superiority over the microscope. Of course, viewed as an optical instrument it reveals many imperfections, which usually remain unnoticed only because of its intimate connection with mental life. But as soon as scientific purposes place strong requirements upon sharpness of resolution, the eye proves to be inadequate.... Similarly, this 'conceptual notation' is devised for particular scientific purposes; and therefore one may not condemn it because it is useless for other purposes. (Frege, 1972, pp. 104-105)To sum up briefly, it is the business of the logician to conduct an unceasing struggle against psychology and those parts of language and grammar which fail to give untrammeled expression to what is logical. He does not have to answer the question: How does thinking normally take place in human beings? What course does it naturally follow in the human mind? What is natural to one person may well be unnatural to another. (Frege, 1979, pp. 6-7)We are very dependent on external aids in our thinking, and there is no doubt that the language of everyday life-so far, at least, as a certain area of discourse is concerned-had first to be replaced by a more sophisticated instrument, before certain distinctions could be noticed. But so far the academic world has, for the most part, disdained to master this instrument. (Frege, 1979, pp. 6-7)There is no reproach the logician need fear less than the reproach that his way of formulating things is unnatural.... If we were to heed those who object that logic is unnatural, we would run the risk of becoming embroiled in interminable disputes about what is natural, disputes which are quite incapable of being resolved within the province of logic. (Frege, 1979, p. 128)[L]inguists will be forced, internally as it were, to come to grips with the results of modern logic. Indeed, this is apparently already happening to some extent. By "logic" is not meant here recursive function-theory, California model-theory, constructive proof-theory, or even axiomatic settheory. Such areas may or may not be useful for linguistics. Rather under "logic" are included our good old friends, the homely locutions "and," "or," "if-then," "if and only if," "not," "for all x," "for some x," and "is identical with," plus the calculus of individuals, event-logic, syntax, denotational semantics, and... various parts of pragmatics.... It is to these that the linguist can most profitably turn for help. These are his tools. And they are "clean tools," to borrow a phrase of the late J. L. Austin in another context, in fact, the only really clean ones we have, so that we might as well use them as much as we can. But they constitute only what may be called "baby logic." Baby logic is to the linguist what "baby mathematics" (in the phrase of Murray Gell-Mann) is to the theoretical physicist-very elementary but indispensable domains of theory in both cases. (Martin, 1969, pp. 261-262)There appears to be no branch of deductive inference that requires us to assume the existence of a mental logic in order to do justice to the psychological phenomena. To be logical, an individual requires, not formal rules of inference, but a tacit knowledge of the fundamental semantic principle governing any inference; a deduction is valid provided that there is no way of interpreting the premises correctly that is inconsistent with the conclusion. Logic provides a systematic method for searching for such counter-examples. The empirical evidence suggests that ordinary individuals possess no such methods. (Johnson-Laird, quoted in Mehler, Walker & Garrett, 1982, p. 130)The fundamental paradox of logic [that "there is no class (as a totality) of those classes which, each taken as a totality, do not belong to themselves" (Russell to Frege, 16 June 1902, in van Heijenoort, 1967, p. 125)] is with us still, bequeathed by Russell-by way of philosophy, mathematics, and even computer science-to the whole of twentieth-century thought. Twentieth-century philosophy would begin not with a foundation for logic, as Russell had hoped in 1900, but with the discovery in 1901 that no such foundation can be laid. (Everdell, 1997, p. 184)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Logic
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6 WHO
hu:
1. pronoun((used as the subject of a verb) what person(s)(?): Who is that woman in the green hat?; Who did that?; Who won?; Do you know who all these people are?) quién, quiénes
2. relative pronoun1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously to distinguish him or them from others: used as the subject of a verb: usually replaceable by that) (the) one(s) that: The man who/that telephoned was a friend of yours; A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.)2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud, gave him a hug.) que•- whoever
3. pronoun1) (no matter who: Whoever rings, tell him/them I'm out.)2) ((also who ever) used in questions to express surprise etc: Whoever said that?) quienquiera que, cualquiera que•- whom
4. relative pronoun(used as the object of a verb or preposition but in everyday speech sometimes replaced by who)1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously, to distinguish him or them from others: able to be omitted or replaced by that except when following a preposition) (the) one(s) that: The man (whom/that) you mentioned is here; Today I met some friends (whom/that) I hadn't seen for ages; This is the man to whom I gave it; This is the man (whom/who/that) I gave it to.)2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud of him, gave him a hug.) que, quien, quienes•who pron1. quiénwho was at the party? ¿quién había en la fiesta?2. quetr['dʌbəljʊː'eɪʧ'əʊ]who ['hu:] pronwho is that?: ¿quién es ése?who did it?: ¿quién lo hizo?we know who they are: sabemos quiénes sonthe lady who lives there: la señora que vive allífor those who wait: para los que esperan, para quienes esperanpron.• cual pron.• el que pron.• que pron.• quien pron.• quién pron.noun (= World Health Organization) OMS fN ABBR= World Health Organization OMS f* * *noun (= World Health Organization) OMS f -
7 who
hu:
1. pronoun((used as the subject of a verb) what person(s)(?): Who is that woman in the green hat?; Who did that?; Who won?; Do you know who all these people are?) quién, quiénes
2. relative pronoun1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously to distinguish him or them from others: used as the subject of a verb: usually replaceable by that) (the) one(s) that: The man who/that telephoned was a friend of yours; A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.)2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud, gave him a hug.) que•- whoever
3. pronoun1) (no matter who: Whoever rings, tell him/them I'm out.)2) ((also who ever) used in questions to express surprise etc: Whoever said that?) quienquiera que, cualquiera que•- whom
4. relative pronoun(used as the object of a verb or preposition but in everyday speech sometimes replaced by who)1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously, to distinguish him or them from others: able to be omitted or replaced by that except when following a preposition) (the) one(s) that: The man (whom/that) you mentioned is here; Today I met some friends (whom/that) I hadn't seen for ages; This is the man to whom I gave it; This is the man (whom/who/that) I gave it to.)2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud of him, gave him a hug.) que, quien, quienes•who pron1. quiénwho was at the party? ¿quién había en la fiesta?2. quetr['dʌbəljʊː'eɪʧ'əʊ]who ['hu:] pronwho is that?: ¿quién es ése?who did it?: ¿quién lo hizo?we know who they are: sabemos quiénes sonthe lady who lives there: la señora que vive allífor those who wait: para los que esperan, para quienes esperanpron.• cual pron.• el que pron.• que pron.• quien pron.• quién pron.noun (= World Health Organization) OMS f[huː]1. PRONwho is it? — ¿quién es?
who are they? — ¿quiénes son?
who are you looking for? — ¿a quién buscas?
who does she think she is? * — ¿quién se cree que es?
2) (in exclamations) quiénguess who! — ¡a ver si adivinas quién soy!
who should it be but Neil! — ¿a que no sabes quién era? ¡Neil!, ¡no era otro que Neil!
the girl who you spoke to has since left the company — la chica con la que or con quien or more frm con la cual hablaste ya no trabaja en la empresa
he who wishes to... — el que desee...
2.CPDWho's Who N — (=book) libro que contiene una lista de británicos famosos y destacados
WHO, WHOMtheir client list reads like a celebrity Who's Who — su lista de clientes incluye a todos los que son alguien en el mundo de la fama
In direct and indirect questions
► In direct and indirect questions as well as after expressions of (un)certainty and doubt (e.g. no sé), translate who using quién/quiénes w hen it is the subject of a verb:
Who broke the window? ¿Quién rompió la ventana?
She had no idea who her real parents were Ignoraba quiénes eran sus verdaderos padres ► When who/ whom is the object of a verb or preposition, translate using quién/quiénes p receded by personal a or another preposition as relevant:
Who(m) did you call? ¿A quién llamaste?
Who(m) is she going to marry? ¿Con quién se va a casar?
You must tell me who you are going to go out with Tienes que decirme con quién/quiénes vas a salir
In exclamations
► Translate using quién/quiénes w ith an accent as in the interrogative form:
Who would have thought it! ¡Quién lo hubiera pensado!
As relative
► When who/ whom follows the noun it refers to, the most common translation is que:
Do you recognize the three girls who have just come in? ¿Reconoces a las tres chicas que acaban de entrar?
Peter, who was at the match, has told me all about it Peter, que estuvo en el partido, me lo ha contado todo
That man (who(m)) you saw wasn't my father El hombre que viste no era mi padre NOTE: Personal a is not used before que.
"Who" as subject of a verb
► When who is the subject, que can sometimes be substituted by el cual/ la cual or quien (singular) and los cuales/ las cuales or quienes (plural). This can help avoid ambiguity:
I bumped into Ian and Sue, who had just come back from Madrid Me encontré con Ian y con Sue, la cual or quien acababa de regresar de Madrid ► Only que is possible in cases where subject who can be substituted by that, i.e. where who defines the person in question and the sentence does not make sense if you omit the who clause:
The little boy who won the cycle race is Sarah's nephew El niñito que ganó la carrera ciclista es el sobrino de Sarah
"Who(m)" as object of a verb or preposition
► When who (m) is the object of a verb, you can translate it using que as above. Alternatively, especially in formal language, use personal a + quien/ quienes or personal a + ((article)) + cual/ cuales {etc} or personal a + ((article)) + que:
The woman (who or whom) you're describing is my music teacher La señora que or a quien or a la cual or a la que describes es mi profesora de música
"Who(m)" as object of a preposition
► After prepositions, you should usually use que or cual preceded by the article or quien:
This is the girl (who or whom) I talked to you about esta es la chica de la que or de la cual or de quien te hablé For further uses and examples, see who, whom* * *noun (= World Health Organization) OMS f -
8 WHO
nome abbr. World Health Organization Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità, OMS f., WHO f.* * *[hu:] 1. pronoun((used as the subject of a verb) what person(s)(?): Who is that woman in the green hat?; Who did that?; Who won?; Do you know who all these people are?) chi2. relative pronoun1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously to distinguish him or them from others: used as the subject of a verb: usually replaceable by that) (the) one(s) that: The man who/that telephoned was a friend of yours; A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.)2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud, gave him a hug.) che•- whoever3. pronoun1) (no matter who: Whoever rings, tell him/them I'm out.)2) ((also who ever) used in questions to express surprise etc: Whoever said that?) chiunque•- whom4. relative pronoun(used as the object of a verb or preposition but in everyday speech sometimes replaced by who)1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously, to distinguish him or them from others: able to be omitted or replaced by that except when following a preposition) (the) one(s) that: The man (whom/that) you mentioned is here; Today I met some friends (whom/that) I hadn't seen for ages; This is the man to whom I gave it; This is the man (whom/who/that) I gave it to.)2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud of him, gave him a hug.) che, (a) cui•* * *WHOsigla* * *nome abbr. World Health Organization Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità, OMS f., WHO f. -
9 WHO
pronounwho are you talking about? — (coll.) von wem od. über wen sprichst du?
I don't know who's who in the firm yet — ich kenne die Leute in der Firma noch nicht richtig
who am I to object/argue — etc.? wie könnte ich Einwände erheben/etwas dagegen sagen usw.?
who would have thought it? — (rhet.) wer hätte das gedacht!
any person/he/those who... — wer...
they who... — diejenigen, die od. welche...
everybody who... — jeder, der...
I/you who... — ich, der ich/du, der du...
the man who I met last week/who you were speaking to — (coll.) der Mann, den ich letzte Woche getroffen habe/mit dem du gesprochen hast
* * *[hu:] 1. pronoun((used as the subject of a verb) what person(s)(?): Who is that woman in the green hat?; Who did that?; Who won?; Do you know who all these people are?) wer2. relative pronoun1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously to distinguish him or them from others: used as the subject of a verb: usually replaceable by that) (the) one(s) that: The man who/that telephoned was a friend of yours; A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.) der/die/das2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud, gave him a hug.) der/die/das•- academic.ru/82200/whoever">whoever3. pronoun1) (no matter who: Whoever rings, tell him/them I'm out.) wer auch immer•- whom4. relative pronoun(used as the object of a verb or preposition but in everyday speech sometimes replaced by who)1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously, to distinguish him or them from others: able to be omitted or replaced by that except when following a preposition) (the) one(s) that: The man (whom/that) you mentioned is here; Today I met some friends (whom/that) I hadn't seen for ages; This is the man to whom I gave it; This is the man (whom/who/that) I gave it to.) den/die/das, dem/der2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud of him, gave him a hug.) den/die/das•* * *[ˌdʌbl̩ju:ˌeitʃˈəʊ, AM -ˈɔʊ]World ˈHealth Or·gani·za·tionnn no pl, + sing/pl vb▪ the \WHO die Weltgesundheitsorganisation* * *abbr WHO f, Weltgesundheitsorganisation f* * ** * *pronounwho are you talking about? — (coll.) von wem od. über wen sprichst du?
who am I to object/argue — etc.? wie könnte ich Einwände erheben/etwas dagegen sagen usw.?
who would have thought it? — (rhet.) wer hätte das gedacht!
any person/he/those who... — wer...
they who... — diejenigen, die od. welche...
everybody who... — jeder, der...
I/you who... — ich, der ich/du, der du...
the man who I met last week/who you were speaking to — (coll.) der Mann, den ich letzte Woche getroffen habe/mit dem du gesprochen hast
* * *pron.der pron.die pron.welche pron.welcher pron.wer pron. -
10 language
ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ сущ. язык а) (как способ и средство общения) речь to butcher, murder a language ≈ искажать язык to enrich a language ≈ обогащать язык to learn, master a language ≈ учить язык to plan a language ≈ регулировать язык to purify a language ≈ очищать язык (проведение некоторых мер по выведению из языка тех или иных пластов лексики или грамматических форм) to speak (in) a, to use a language ≈ говорить на языке to standardize a language ≈ стандартизировать язык international, world language ≈ международный язык, язык международного общения dead, extinct language ≈ мертвый язык language acquisition ≈ обучение языку language maintenance ≈ поддержание (знания) языка spoken language ≈ разговорный язык written language ≈ письменный язык native language ≈ родной язык foreign language ≈ иностранный язык national language ≈ национальный язык official language ≈ официальный язык second language ≈ второй язык universal language ≈ универсальный язык formal language ≈ язык официального общения idiomatic language ≈ язык, богатый идиомами nontechnical language ≈ нетехнический язык substandard language ≈ язык, не соответствующий языковой норме technical language ≈ технический язык ancient language ≈ древний язык classical language ≈ классический язык creolized language ≈ креолизованный язык living language ≈ живой язык modern language ≈ современный язык natural language ≈ естественный язык trade language ≈ язык торгового общения agglutinative language ≈ агглютинативный язык inflecting language ≈ флективный язык isolating language ≈ изолирующий язык synthetic language ≈ синтетический язык tone language ≈ язык с тоновым ударением б) (как знаковая система) sign language ≈ язык знаков artificial language ≈ искусственный язык finger language ≈ язык жестов, язык глухонемых в) (языковой или литературный стиль;
язык писателя) the language of Shakespeare ≈ язык Шекспира bad, coarse, crude, dirty, foul, nasty, obscene, offensive, unprintable, vile, vulgar language ≈ грубый, грязный, неприличный, оскорбительный, непечатный, вульгарный язык rough, strong, vituperative language ≈ грубый, бранный язык everyday, plain, simple language ≈ простой, повседневный язык flowery language ≈ цветистый язык (богатый метафорами, сравнениями и др. литературными тропами) colloquial, informal language ≈ язык неофициального общения, разговорный язык literary, standard language ≈ литературный язык abusive language ≈ брань, ругательства children's language ≈ детский язык diplomatic language ≈ дипломатический язык polite language ≈ вежливый язык rich language ≈ богатый язык Syn: wording г) (как способ кодирования) object, target language ≈ язык, на который переводят source language ≈ язык, с которого переводят (в машинном переводе) computer language machine language programming language язык - the Russian * русский язык - finger * язык жестов, язык глухонемых - living * живой язык - working * рабочий язык (в международных организациях) - the working *s of this committee are English and Russian рабочими языками этого комитета являются русский и английский - * arts (американизм) обучение чтению, письму, литературе, словесность (школьный предмет) - * shift переключение на другой язык (о говорящем на иностранном языке) - * department отдел переводов (ООН) - a degree in *s диплом об окончании филологического факультета или института иностранных языков - science of * языкознание речь - spoken * разгговорный язык;
устная речь - written * письменость;
письменный язык - articulate * членораздельная речь - literary * литературный язык - substandard * просторечие - he has a great command of * он прекрасно владеет языком, у него прекрасная речь характер языка;
стиль, слог - fine * изысканный язык, цветистый стиль - strong * сильные выражения - bad * сквернословие - * of poetry язык поэзии - business * деловая речь;
язык деловой переписки - * of law юридический язык - diplomatic * дипломатический язык - the * of Shakespeare язык Шекспира (дипломатическое) формулировка( компьютерное) язык программирования ЭВМ > not to speak the same * совершенно не понимать друг друга > they don't speak the same * они говорят на разных языках algorithmic ~ вчт. алгоритмический язык algorithmical ~ вчт. алгоритмическый язык applicative ~ вчт. функциональный язык artifical ~ вчт. искусственный язык artificial ~ вчт. искусственный язык assembler ~ вчт. язык ассемблера assembly ~ вчт. язык ассемблера authoring ~ вчт. язык для автоматизации творческой работы block-structured ~ вчт. язык с блочной структурой boolean-based ~ вчт. язык булевых операторов command ~ вчт. командный язык compiled ~ вчт. транслируемый язык compiler ~ вчт. язык транслятора computer ~ вчт. машинный язык computer-dependent ~ вчт. машинно-зависимый язык computer-oriented ~ вчт. машинно-ориентированный язык computer-sensitive ~ вчт. машинно-зависимый язык constraint ~ вчт. декларативный язык context-free ~ вчт. контекстно-свободный язык conversational ~ вчт. диалоговый язык conversational ~ вчт. язык диалога data definition ~ вчт. язык определения данных data description ~ вчт. язык описания данных data description ~ вчт. язык определения данных data ~ вчт. язык описания данных data manipulation ~ вчт. язык манипулирования данными data-base ~ вчт. язык базы данных data-query ~ вчт. язык запросов declarative ~ вчт. декларативный язык design ~ вчт. язык проектирования end-user ~ вчт. язык конечного пользователя extensible ~ вчт. расширяемый язык ~ язык;
речь;
finger language язык жестов, язык глухонемых foreign ~ иностранный язык formal ~ формальный язык frame ~ вчт. фреймовый язык high-level ~ вчт. язык высокого уровня host ~ вчт. включающий язык human ~ естественный язык language разг. брань (тж. bad language) ;
I won't have any language here прошу не выражаться inflected ~ флективный язык information retrieval ~ информационно- поисковый язык information retrieval ~ информационно-поисковый язык input ~ вчт. входной язык interactive ~ вчт. диалоговый язык interpreted ~ вчт. интерпретируемый язык kernel ~ вчт. базовый язык knowledge representation ~ вчт. язык представления знаний language разг. брань (тж. bad language) ;
I won't have any language here прошу не выражаться ~ стиль;
язык писателя;
the language of Shakespeare язык Шекспира ~ язык ~ язык;
речь;
finger language язык жестов, язык глухонемых ~ стиль;
язык писателя;
the language of Shakespeare язык Шекспира ~ of the case язык судебного делопроизводства legal ~ юридический язык legal ~ язык права low-level ~ вчт. язык низкого уровня machine ~ вчт. машинный язык machine-dependent ~ вчт. машинно-зависимый язык machine-independent ~ вчт. машинно-независимый язык machine-oriented ~ вчт. машинно-ориентрированный язык macro ~ вчт. макроязык macroinstruction ~ вчт. язык макрокоманд memory management ~ вчт. язык управления памятью meta ~ вчт. метаязык minority ~ язык национального меньшинства mnemonic ~ вчт. символический язык national ~ государственный язык native ~ вчт. собственный язык машины natural ~ вчт. естественный язык nonprocedural ~ вчт. непроцедурный язык object ~ вчт. объектный язык official ~ официальный язык original ~ исходный язык parallel ~ вчт. язык параллельного программирования predicate ~ вчт. язык предикатов problem statement ~ вчт. язык постановки задачи problem-oriented ~ вчт. проблемно-ориентированный язык procedural ~ вчт. процедурный язык procedural ~ процедурный язык procedure-oriented ~ вчт. процедурно ориентированный язык production ~ вчт. продукционный язык program ~ вчт. язык программирования programming ~ вчт. язык программирования query ~ вчт. язык запросов register transfer ~ вчт. язык межрегистровых пересылок regular ~ вчт. регулярный язык relational ~ вчт. реляционный язык representation ~ вчт. язык представлений restricted ~ вчт. упрощенная версия языка rule ~ вчт. язык правил rule-based ~ вчт. язык продукционных правил rule-oriented ~ вчт. язык логического программирования script ~ вчт. язык сценариев serial ~ вчт. язык последовательного программирования source ~ вчт. исходный язык source ~ cmp. исходный язык specification ~ вчт. язык спецификаций subset ~ вчт. подмножество языка symbolic ~ вчт. символический язык symbolic ~ comp. символический язык system ~ вчт. системный язык tabular ~ вчт. табличный язык target ~ вчт. выходной язык target ~ выходной язык target ~ объектный язык threaded ~ вчт. язык транслируемый в шитый код typed ~ вчт. широко используемый язык typeless ~ вчт. безтиповый язык unchecked ~ вчт. язык без контроля типов untyped ~ вчт. язык без контроля типов update ~ вчт. язык корректирующих запросов user ~ вчт. язык пользователя world ~ международный языкБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > language
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11 TWE
1) Сокращение: Technical Writing & Engineering Ltd (Israel), Threat-Warning Equipment2) Университет: Technical Writing Exchange, Test of Written English3) Фирменный знак: The Winning Edge, TideWater Entertainment, Trans World Events4) СМИ: The Weekly Escape, The World Everyday5) NYSE. T D Waterhouse Group, Inc.6) Аэропорты: Taylor, Alaska USA -
12 escape
1. nounthere is no escape — (lit. or fig.) es gibt kein Entkommen
escape vehicle — Fluchtfahrzeug, das
2. intransitive verbmake one's escape [from something] — [aus etwas] entkommen
1) (lit. or fig.) fliehen ( from aus); entfliehen (geh.) ( from Dat.); (successfully) entkommen ( from Dat.); (from prison) ausbrechen ( from aus); [Großtier:] ausbrechen; [Kleintier:] entlaufen ( from Dat.); [Vogel:] entfliegen ( from Dat.)escaped prisoner/convict — entflohener Gefangener/Sträfling
2) (leak) [Gas:] ausströmen; [Flüssigkeit:] auslaufen3) (avoid harm) davonkommenescape alive — mit dem Leben davonkommen
4) (Computing)3. transitive verbpress escape — ‘Escape’ drücken
1) entkommen (+ Dat.) [Verfolger, Angreifer, Feind]; entgehen (+ Dat.) [Bestrafung, Gefangennahme, Tod, Entdeckung]; verschont bleiben von [Katastrophe, Krankheit, Zerstörung, Auswirkungen]she narrowly escaped being killed — sie wäre fast getötet worden
2) (not be remembered by) entfallen sein (+ Dat.)3)escape somebody['s notice] — (not be seen) jemandem entgehen
escape notice — nicht bemerkt werden
escape somebody's attention — jemandes Aufmerksamkeit (Dat.) entgehen
* * *[i'skeip] 1. verb1) (to gain freedom: He escaped from prison.) entkommen2) (to manage to avoid (punishment, disease etc): She escaped the infection.) entgehen3) (to avoid being noticed or remembered by; to avoid (the observation of): The fact escaped me / my notice; His name escapes me / my memory.) entfallen4) ((of a gas, liquid etc) to leak; to find a way out: Gas was escaping from a hole in the pipe.) ausströmen2. noun((act of) escaping; state of having escaped: Make your escape while the guard is away; There have been several escapes from that prison; Escape was impossible; The explosion was caused by an escape of gas.) die Flucht, das Entweichen- academic.ru/24972/escapism">escapism- escapist* * *es·cape[ɪˈskeɪp, esˈ-]I. vi1. ( also fig: get away) fliehen, flüchten; (successfully) entkommen; (from a cage, prison) ausbrechen, entfliehen; dog, cat entlaufen; bird entfliegenhe managed to \escape from the burning car es gelang ihr, sich aus dem brennenden Auto zu befreienhe was shot while trying to \escape er wurde bei dem Versuch zu fliehen erschossen\escaped convict entflohener Häftlingto \escape from prison aus dem Gefängnis ausbrechen2. (avoid harm) davonkommenthe driver was killed, but she \escaped der Fahrer wurde getötet, aber sie kam mit dem Leben davonto \escape with one's life mit dem Leben davonkommento \escape unhurt unverletzt bleibengas/oil was escaping from the crack aus dem Riss strömte Gas/lief Öl [aus]5. COMPUTII. vt1. (get away from)▪ to \escape sth a place aus etw dat fliehen [o flüchten]; (successfully) aus etw dat entkommen; ( fig)to \escape from reality/a situation der Realität/einer Situation entfliehen gehto \escape the danger/fire der Gefahr/dem Feuer entkommento \escape police der Polizei entkommen2. (avoid)there's no escaping death and taxes nur zwei Dinge auf Erden sind uns sicher: der Tod und die Steuerwe won't \escape paying the local rate wir werden nicht darum herumkommen, die Gemeindesteuer zu zahlenshe was lucky to \escape serious injury sie hatte Glück, dass sie nicht ernsthaft verletzt wurdethere's no escaping the fact that... es lässt sich nicht leugnen, dass...to [narrowly] \escape death [nur knapp] dem Tod entrinnento [narrowly] \escape a fine [gerade noch] an einer Strafe vorbeikommento \escape punishment einer Bestrafung entgehen3. (not be observed or remembered)▪ sth \escapes sb:I'm afraid your name \escapes me ich fürchte, ich habe Ihren Namen vergessenhis address \escapes me seine Adresse ist mir entfallen [o fällt mir nicht ein]to \escape sb's attention [or notice] jds Aufmerksamkeit entgehen4. (be emitted)a cry \escaped him ihm entfuhr ein Schreia groan \escaped her lips ein Stöhnen kam über ihre Lippena sob \escaped his lips ein Seufzer entfuhr ihmIII. nfor her travel was an \escape from the boredom of her everyday life mit ihren Reisen konnte sie der Langeweile des Alltags entfliehen gehromantic novels provide an \escape from reality mit Liebesromanen kann man der Realität entfliehen geh [o aus der Realität abtauchen]the gang had made their \escape die Bande war abgehauen fam\escape from a prison Ausbruch m aus einem Gefängnis\escape route Fluchtwegit was a lucky \escape! da haben wir wirklich noch einmal Glück gehabt!what a hair's-breadth \escape! das ist ja gerade noch mal gutgegangen!there's no \escape daran führt kein Weg vorbeithere was no hope of \escape from her disastrous marriage sie hatte keine Hoffnung, aus ihrer katastrophalen Ehe herauszukommento have a narrow \escape gerade noch einmal davongekommen sein3. (leakage) Austreten nt kein pl, Entweichen nt kein pl; of gas, smoke also Ausströmen nt kein pl; of liquids also Ausfließen nt kein pl* * *[I'skeɪp]1. vifrom +dat); (from pursuers, captivity) entkommen ( from +dat); (from prison, camp, cage, stall etc) ausbrechen (from aus); (bird) entfliegen ( from +dat); (water) auslaufen (from aus); (gas) ausströmen (from aus)to stop the prisoners escaping — um Gefängnisausbrüche zu verhindern
an escaped prisoner/tiger — ein entflohener Häftling/entsprungener Tiger
he escaped from the fire —
I've got you now, she said, and I won't let you escape I just feel I have to escape from this place — jetzt habe ich dich, sagte sie, und du entkommst mir so schnell nicht ich habe einfach das Gefühl, dass ich hier wegmuss
she has to be able to escape from her family sometimes — sie muss ab und zu die Möglichkeit haben, ihrer Familie zu entfliehen
a room which I can escape to — ein Zimmer, in das ich mich zurückziehen kann
it's no good trying to escape from the world — es hat keinen Zweck, vor der Welt fliehen zu wollen
he's trying to escape from life on the streets — er versucht, von dem Leben auf der Straße wegzukommen
these cuts will affect everyone, nobody will escape — diese Kürzungen betreffen alle, keiner wird ungeschoren davonkommen
the others were killed, but he escaped — die anderen wurden getötet, aber er kam mit dem Leben davon
2. vt1) pursuers entkommen (+dat)2) (= avoid) consequences, punishment, disaster, detection entgehen (+dat)but you can't escape the fact that... — aber du kannst nicht leugnen or abstreiten, dass...
3)(= be unnoticed, forgotten by)
his name escapes me — sein Name ist mir entfallen4)the thoughtless words which escaped me — die unbedachten Worte, die mir herausgerutscht or entfahren sind
3. n1) (from prison etc) Ausbruch m, Flucht f; (= attempted escape) Ausbruchsversuch m, Fluchtversuch m; (from a country) Flucht f (from aus); (fig, from reality, one's family etc) Flucht f (from vor)to make one's escape — ausbrechen, entfliehen
with this security system escape is impossible — dieses Sicherheitssystem macht Ausbrechen unmöglich
what are their chances of escape? —
there's been an escape from London Zoo — aus dem Londoner Zoo ist ein Tier ausgebrochen
fishing/music is his escape —
otherwise I don't get any escape from the demands of my family — sonst habe ich überhaupt keine Abwechslung von den Ansprüchen meiner Familie
See:→ lucky3) (COMPUT)* * *escape [ıˈskeıp]A v/t1. jemandem entfliehen, -kommen, -rinnen, -wischen2. einer Sache entgehen:escape destruction der Zerstörung entgehen;a) unaufgeklärt bleiben,b) nicht entdeckt werden;escape being laughed at der Gefahr entgehen, ausgelacht zu werden;there is no escaping the fact that … man kommt um die Tatsache nicht herum, dass …;he narrowly escaped death, he just escaped being killed er entging knapp dem Tode;she narrowly escaped being drowned sie wäre um ein Haar ertrunken;I cannot escape the impression that … ich kann mich des Eindrucks nicht erwehren, dass …;that mistake escaped me dieser Fehler entging mir;the sense escapes me der Sinn leuchtet mir nicht ein4. dem Gedächtnis entfallen:B v/ifrom aus, dat):escape from reality vor der Wirklichkeit fliehen;there was no escaping es gab kein Entrinnenhe escaped with a fright (with his life) er kam mit dem Schrecken (mit dem Leben) davon; → scot-free 1, 23. a) ausfließen (Flüssigkeit etc)b) entweichen, ausströmen, austreten ( alle:from aus) (Gas etc)4. verwildern (Pflanzen)C sescape from reality Wirklichkeitsflucht;there were two escapes from this prison yesterday gestern sind aus diesem Gefängnis zwei Gefangene entwichen;there is no escape from this place von hier gibt es kein Entrinnen;have a narrow ( oder near) (hairbreadth) escape mit knapper Not (um Haaresbreite) davonkommen oder entkommen;that was a narrow escape das ist gerade noch einmal gut gegangen!, das hätte ins Auge gehen können!, das war knapp!;make one’s escape entweichen, sich aus dem Staub machen umg(way of) escape Ausweg m3. a) Fluchtmittel nb) Fluchtweg m4. a) Ausfluss mfrom aus):escape of gas Gasaustritt5. BIOL verwilderte Gartenpflanze, Kulturflüchtling m6. fig Unterhaltung f, (Mittel n der) Entspannung f oder Zerstreuung f oder Ablenkung f:as an escape zur Entspannung;escape reading, escape literature Unterhaltungsliteratur f* * *1. nounthere is no escape — (lit. or fig.) es gibt kein Entkommen
escape vehicle — Fluchtfahrzeug, das
make one's escape [from something] — [aus etwas] entkommen
2) (leakage of gas etc.) Austritt, der; Entweichen, das2. intransitive verb1) (lit. or fig.) fliehen ( from aus); entfliehen (geh.) ( from Dat.); (successfully) entkommen ( from Dat.); (from prison) ausbrechen ( from aus); [Großtier:] ausbrechen; [Kleintier:] entlaufen ( from Dat.); [Vogel:] entfliegen ( from Dat.)escaped prisoner/convict — entflohener Gefangener/Sträfling
2) (leak) [Gas:] ausströmen; [Flüssigkeit:] auslaufen3) (avoid harm) davonkommen4) (Computing)3. transitive verbpress escape — ‘Escape’ drücken
1) entkommen (+ Dat.) [Verfolger, Angreifer, Feind]; entgehen (+ Dat.) [Bestrafung, Gefangennahme, Tod, Entdeckung]; verschont bleiben von [Katastrophe, Krankheit, Zerstörung, Auswirkungen]2) (not be remembered by) entfallen sein (+ Dat.)3)escape somebody['s notice] — (not be seen) jemandem entgehen
escape somebody's attention — jemandes Aufmerksamkeit (Dat.) entgehen
* * *n.Flucht -en f. (from) v.entwischen v. v.entfliehen v.entgehen v.entkommen v.entweichen v. -
13 who
pronounwho are you talking about? — (coll.) von wem od. über wen sprichst du?
I don't know who's who in the firm yet — ich kenne die Leute in der Firma noch nicht richtig
who am I to object/argue — etc.? wie könnte ich Einwände erheben/etwas dagegen sagen usw.?
who would have thought it? — (rhet.) wer hätte das gedacht!
any person/he/those who... — wer...
they who... — diejenigen, die od. welche...
everybody who... — jeder, der...
I/you who... — ich, der ich/du, der du...
the man who I met last week/who you were speaking to — (coll.) der Mann, den ich letzte Woche getroffen habe/mit dem du gesprochen hast
* * *[hu:] 1. pronoun((used as the subject of a verb) what person(s)(?): Who is that woman in the green hat?; Who did that?; Who won?; Do you know who all these people are?) wer2. relative pronoun1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously to distinguish him or them from others: used as the subject of a verb: usually replaceable by that) (the) one(s) that: The man who/that telephoned was a friend of yours; A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.) der/die/das2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud, gave him a hug.) der/die/das•- academic.ru/82200/whoever">whoever3. pronoun1) (no matter who: Whoever rings, tell him/them I'm out.) wer auch immer•- whom4. relative pronoun(used as the object of a verb or preposition but in everyday speech sometimes replaced by who)1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously, to distinguish him or them from others: able to be omitted or replaced by that except when following a preposition) (the) one(s) that: The man (whom/that) you mentioned is here; Today I met some friends (whom/that) I hadn't seen for ages; This is the man to whom I gave it; This is the man (whom/who/that) I gave it to.) den/die/das, dem/der2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud of him, gave him a hug.) den/die/das•* * *[ˌdʌbl̩ju:ˌeitʃˈəʊ, AM -ˈɔʊ]World ˈHealth Or·gani·za·tionnn no pl, + sing/pl vb▪ the \WHO die Weltgesundheitsorganisation* * *abbr WHO f, Weltgesundheitsorganisation f* * *who [huː]A int pr1. wer:who told you so? wer hat dir das gesagt?;who do you think you are? für wen hältst du dich eigentlich?;who is he to criticize others? wie kommt der denn dazu, andere zu kritisieren?;who he? hum wer das ist?, den kennen Sie nicht?;Who’s Who? Wer ist Wer? (Verzeichnis prominenter Persönlichkeiten)who could I ask? wen könnte ich fragen?B rel pr (sg und pl, nur bei Personen und personifizierten Tieren)1. (unverbunden) wer:I know who has done it ich weiß, wer es getan hat;2. (verbunden) welch(er, e, es), der, die, das:he (she) who derjenige, welcher (diejenige, welche); werbring who you like bring mit, wen du willst* * *pronounwho are you talking about? — (coll.) von wem od. über wen sprichst du?
who am I to object/argue — etc.? wie könnte ich Einwände erheben/etwas dagegen sagen usw.?
who would have thought it? — (rhet.) wer hätte das gedacht!
any person/he/those who... — wer...
they who... — diejenigen, die od. welche...
everybody who... — jeder, der...
I/you who... — ich, der ich/du, der du...
the man who I met last week/who you were speaking to — (coll.) der Mann, den ich letzte Woche getroffen habe/mit dem du gesprochen hast
* * *pron.der pron.die pron.welche pron.welcher pron.wer pron. -
14 currency
American - currencies; noun(the money (notes and coins) of a country: the currencies of the world; foreign currency.) monedacurrency n monedatr['kʌrənsɪ]noun (pl currencies)1 SMALLFINANCE/SMALL moneda2 (acceptance) aceptación nombre femenino\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto gain currency ganar fuerza, extendersehard currency divisa fuerte1) prevalence, use: uso m, aceptación f, difusión fto be in currency: estar en uso2) money: moneda f, dinero mn.• circulación s.f.• curso s.m.• dinero s.m.• divisa (Economía) s.f.• moneda s.f.• moneda corriente s.f.• uso corriente s.m.• valor corriente s.m.'kɜːrənsi, 'kʌrənsi1) ( Fin) c u ( type of money) moneda fforeign currency — moneda f extranjera, divisas fpl
2) ( prevalence) difusión f['kʌrǝnsɪ]to gain currency — \<\<view/fashion\>\> extenderse*, ganar adeptos
1. N1) (=monetary system, money) moneda fpaper 3.foreign currency — moneda f extranjera, divisas fpl
2) (fig) aceptación fto gain currency — [views, ideas] darse a conocer, difundirse
2.CPDcurrency market N — mercado m monetario, mercado m de divisas
currency note N — pagaré m fiscal, pagaré m de tesorería
currency restrictions NPL — restricciones fpl monetarias
currency snake N — serpiente f monetaria
currency trading N — operaciones fpl en el mercado de divisas
currency unit N — unidad f monetaria
* * *['kɜːrənsi, 'kʌrənsi]1) ( Fin) c u ( type of money) moneda fforeign currency — moneda f extranjera, divisas fpl
2) ( prevalence) difusión fto gain currency — \<\<view/fashion\>\> extenderse*, ganar adeptos
-
15 not
not1) ((often abbreviated to n't) a word used for denying, forbidding, refusing, or expressing the opposite of something: I did not see him; I didn't see him; He isn't here; Isn't he coming?; They told me not to go; Not a single person came to the party; We're going to London, not Paris; That's not true!) no2) (used with certain verbs such as hope, seem, believe, expect and also with be afraid: `Have you got much money?' `I'm afraid not'; `Is he going to fail his exam?' `I hope not'.) no•not adv notr[nɒt] (La forma contracta es n't: isn't, aren't, doesn't)1 no■ I hope/suppose not espero/supongo que no■ are you coming or not? ¿vienes o no?\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLnot likely! ¡ni hablar!not that... no es que...■ where is he?, not that I mind, of course ¿dónde está?, no es que me importe, claro estánot to say... por no decir...not ['nɑt] advshe is not tired: no está cansadanot to say something would be wrong: no decir nada sería injustoare we going or not?: ¿vamos a ir o no?of course not!: ¡claro que no!adv.• nada adv.• no adv.nɑːt, nɒta) nonot to worry — (BrE) no importa
a not inconsiderable sum of money — (frml) una suma de dinero bastante considerable
oh, no, not you again! — Dios mío! ¿tú otra vez?
that's mine - it is not! — eso es mío - no, señor!
b)I'm going to London, not that it's any business of yours — voy a Londres, no es que a ti te importe, pero...
c) ( emphatic) nid) ( replacing clause)I should think not! — claro que no!; faltaría más!
of course not! — por supuesto or claro que no!
are you going to help me or not? — ¿me vas a ayudar o no?
[nɒt]ADV1) (with vb)The word not is often contracted to n't on the end of modals, auxiliaries and parts of the verb to be in everyday language. nohe's not here, he isn't here — no está aquí
it's too late, isn't it? — es demasiado tarde, ¿no?
you owe me money, don't you? — me debes dinero, ¿verdad? or (esp LAm) ¿no es cierto?
she won't go, she will not go — no irá
•
he asked me not to do it — me pidió que no lo hiciera•
fear not! — ¡no temas!•
I hope not — espero que no•
I suppose not — supongo que no•
to tell sb not to do sth — decir a algn que no haga algo•
I think not — creo que nonot thinking that... — sin pensar que...
not I! — ¡yo no!
even 2., 3)not everybody can do it — no lo puede hacer cualquiera, no todos pueden hacerlo
•
absolutely not! — ¡en absoluto!it doesn't hurt at all — no duele nada de nada, no duele para nada
"are you cold?" - "not at all!" — -¿tienes frío? -¡en absoluto! or -¡qué va!
"you don't mind?" - "not at all!" — -¿no te importa? -¡en absoluto!
•
certainly not! — ¡en absoluto!•
of course not! — ¡claro que no!•
not a few... — no pocos...•
not for anything (in the world) — por nada (del mundo)•
the not inconsiderable sum of £30,000 — la nada despreciable suma de 30.000 libras•
not likely! — ¡ni hablar!•
with not a little surprise — con no poca sorpresa•
are you coming or not? — ¿vienes o no?•
"did you like it?" - "not really" — -¿te gustó? -no mucho•
big, not to say enormous — grande, por no decir enorme•
the young and the not so young — los jóvenes y los no tan jóvenes•
I shan't be sorry to see the last of him — no voy a sentirlo cuando lo pierda de vista•
not that I don't like him — no es que no me guste•
why not? — ¿por qué no?likely 2., mention 2., much 2., 1), only 2., 6)•
not without some regrets — no sin cierto pesar* * *[nɑːt, nɒt]a) nonot to worry — (BrE) no importa
a not inconsiderable sum of money — (frml) una suma de dinero bastante considerable
oh, no, not you again! — Dios mío! ¿tú otra vez?
that's mine - it is not! — eso es mío - no, señor!
b)I'm going to London, not that it's any business of yours — voy a Londres, no es que a ti te importe, pero...
c) ( emphatic) nid) ( replacing clause)I should think not! — claro que no!; faltaría más!
of course not! — por supuesto or claro que no!
are you going to help me or not? — ¿me vas a ayudar o no?
-
16 remember
ri'membə1) (to keep in the mind, or to bring back into the mind after forgetting for a time: I remember you - we met three years ago; I remember watching the first men landing on the moon; Remember to telephone me tonight; I don't remember where I hid it.) recordar, acordarse de2) (to reward or make a present to: He remembered her in his will.) acordarse de alguien3) (to pass (a person's) good wishes (to someone): Remember me to your parents.) dar recuerdos de parte de alguien•remember vb acordarse / recordarI can't remember no me acuerdo / no recuerdotr[rɪ'membəSMALLr/SMALL]1 recordar, acordarse de2 (commemorate) recordar■ on this day we remember the dead of two world wars en este día recordamos los caídos de dos guerras mundiales1 acordarse, recordar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLas far as I remember que yo recuerderemember me to... recuerdos a... de mi parteto remember to do something acordarse de hacer algoremember [ri'mɛmbər] vt1) recollect: acordarse de, recordar2) : no olvidarremember my words: no olvides mis palabrasto remember to: acordarse de3) : dar saludos, dar recuerdosremember me to her: dale saludos de mi parte4) commemorate: recordar, conmemorarv.• acordarse de v.• recordar v.rɪ'membər, rɪ'membə(r)
1.
1) ( recall) acordarse* de, recordar*don't you remember me? — ¿no te acuerdas de mí?
I can't remember if o whether I locked the door — no recuerdo si cerré la puerta con llave
here's a little something to remember me by — toma, un detalle para que te acuerdes de mí
to remember -ING: she remembers leaving her watch on the table se acuerda de or recuerda haber dejado el reloj encima de la mesa; to remember somebody/something -ING: I remember him saying something about a meeting me acuerdo de or recuerdo que dijo algo de una reunión; she remembers the car coming toward her — se acuerda de or recuerda cuando el coche se le vino encima
2)a) (be mindful of, not forget)I'll remember you if anything comes up — te tendré presente or me acordaré de ti si surge algo
to remember to + INF — acordarse* de + inf
b) ( commemorate) \<\<dead\>\> recordar*c) ( send regards)to remember somebody TO somebody: remember me to your mother dale recuerdos or saludos a tu madre (de mi parte); Peter asked to be remembered (to you) — Peter te manda recuerdos or saludos
2.
via) ( recall) acordarse*, recordar*as far as I remember — que yo recuerde, por lo que recuerdo
if I remember correctly o right(ly) — si mal no recuerdo
try to remember! — haz memoria!
b) (be mindful, not forget) no olvidarse[rɪ'membǝ(r)]1. VT1) (=recall) [+ person, fact, promise] acordarse de, recordardon't you remember me? — ¿no se acuerda usted de mí?, ¿no me recuerda?
I can never remember phone numbers — tengo muy mala memoria para los números de teléfono, soy incapaz de recordar números de teléfono
I remember seeing it, I remember having seen it — me acuerdo de or recuerdo haberlo visto, me acuerdo de or recuerdo que lo vi
I seem to remember (that) you used to do the same — si mal no recuerdo, tú hacías lo mismo
I don't remember what he looks like — no me acuerdo de or no recuerdo cómo es
•
I remember him as tall and slim — lo recuerdo alto y delgado•
give me something to remember you by — dame algún recuerdo tuyoso I gave him sth to remember me by — (fig) así que le di algo para que no me olvidara or para que se acordara de mí
•
she will be remembered for her wonderful sense of humour — se la recordará por su maravilloso sentido del humor•
it was a night to remember — fue una noche memorable or inolvidable2) (=bear in mind) recordar, tener presenteremember that he carries a gun — recuerda or ten presente que lleva una pistola
•
that's worth remembering — eso merece la pena recordarloit is worth remembering that... — merece la pena recordar que...
3) (=not forget) acordarse dehave you remembered your passport? — ¿te has acordado del pasaporte or de traer el pasaporte?
remember what happened before — no te olvides or acuérdate de lo que pasó antes
4) (=commemorate) recordartoday we remember those who gave their lives in the war — hoy recordamos a aquellos que dieron sus vidas en la guerra
•
she asks to be remembered to you all — manda recuerdos a todosremember me to your family — dale recuerdos a tu familia, saluda a tu familia de mi parte
2. VI1) (=recall) acordarse, recordardo you remember? — ¿te acuerdas?, ¿recuerdas?
try to remember! — ¡haz memoria!, ¡intenta acordarte!
I don't or can't remember — no me acuerdo, no recuerdo
•
as I remember, you said you would pay — que yo recuerde or si mal no recuerdo, tú dijiste que pagaríasit was a cold day, as you will remember — era un día de frío, como recordarás
•
as far as I (can) remember — que yo recuerde•
if I remember right(ly) — si mal no recuerdo, si la memoria no me falla2) (=not forget) acordarseI asked you to get some stamps, did you remember? — te pedí que compraras sellos, ¿te acordaste?
REMEMBERI'll try to remember — intentaré acordarme, intentaré no olvidarme or que no se me olvide
"acordarse de" or "recordar"?
► Both aco rdarse de and recordar can be used to translate to remember (used transitively), provided the object of remember is not another verb. Recordar is becoming less common, however, in everyday informal contexts:
Do you remember where he lives? ¿Te acuerdas de dónde vive? ¿Recuerdas dónde vive? ► Use aco rdarse de + ((infinitive)) to translate to remember to + ((verb)):
Did you remember to close the door? ¿Te acordaste de cerrar la puerta? NOTE: Don't use r ecordar for remembering to do sth.
► Use rec ordar + ((perfect infinitive/clause)) or acordarse de + ((clause)) to translate to remember + ((-ing)):
I remember closing the door Recuerdo haber cerrado or Recuerdo que cerré or Me acuerdo de que cerré la puerta
R ecordar also translates remind:
I must remind Richard to pay the rent Tengo que recordarle a Richard que pague el alquiler For further uses and examples, see main entry* * *[rɪ'membər, rɪ'membə(r)]
1.
1) ( recall) acordarse* de, recordar*don't you remember me? — ¿no te acuerdas de mí?
I can't remember if o whether I locked the door — no recuerdo si cerré la puerta con llave
here's a little something to remember me by — toma, un detalle para que te acuerdes de mí
to remember -ING: she remembers leaving her watch on the table se acuerda de or recuerda haber dejado el reloj encima de la mesa; to remember somebody/something -ING: I remember him saying something about a meeting me acuerdo de or recuerdo que dijo algo de una reunión; she remembers the car coming toward her — se acuerda de or recuerda cuando el coche se le vino encima
2)a) (be mindful of, not forget)I'll remember you if anything comes up — te tendré presente or me acordaré de ti si surge algo
to remember to + INF — acordarse* de + inf
b) ( commemorate) \<\<dead\>\> recordar*c) ( send regards)to remember somebody TO somebody: remember me to your mother dale recuerdos or saludos a tu madre (de mi parte); Peter asked to be remembered (to you) — Peter te manda recuerdos or saludos
2.
via) ( recall) acordarse*, recordar*as far as I remember — que yo recuerde, por lo que recuerdo
if I remember correctly o right(ly) — si mal no recuerdo
try to remember! — haz memoria!
b) (be mindful, not forget) no olvidarse -
17 WHO
hu: 1. pronoun((used as the subject of a verb) what person(s)(?): Who is that woman in the green hat?; Who did that?; Who won?; Do you know who all these people are?) hvem2. relative pronoun1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously to distinguish him or them from others: used as the subject of a verb: usually replaceable by that) (the) one(s) that: The man who/that telephoned was a friend of yours; A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.) som2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud, gave him a hug.) som•- whoever3. pronoun1) (no matter who: Whoever rings, tell him/them I'm out.) hvem som enn, samme hvem2) ((also who ever) used in questions to express surprise etc: Whoever said that?) hvem i all verden•- whom4. relative pronoun(used as the object of a verb or preposition but in everyday speech sometimes replaced by who)1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously, to distinguish him or them from others: able to be omitted or replaced by that except when following a preposition) (the) one(s) that: The man (whom/that) you mentioned is here; Today I met some friends (whom/that) I hadn't seen for ages; This is the man to whom I gave it; This is the man (whom/who/that) I gave it to.) som2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud of him, gave him a hug.) som•somforkortelse for World Health Organization -
18 WHO
[hu:] 1. pronoun((used as the subject of a verb) what person(s)(?): Who is that woman in the green hat?; Who did that?; Who won?; Do you know who all these people are?) quem2. relative pronoun1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously to distinguish him or them from others: used as the subject of a verb: usually replaceable by that) (the) one(s) that: The man who/that telephoned was a friend of yours; A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.) que2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud, gave him a hug.) que"- whoever3. pronoun1) (no matter who: Whoever rings, tell him/them I'm out.) seja quem for que2) ((also who ever) used in questions to express surprise etc: Whoever said that?) quem•- whom4. relative pronoun(used as the object of a verb or preposition but in everyday speech sometimes replaced by who)1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously, to distinguish him or them from others: able to be omitted or replaced by that except when following a preposition) (the) one(s) that: The man (whom/that) you mentioned is here; Today I met some friends (whom/that) I hadn't seen for ages; This is the man to whom I gave it; This is the man (whom/who/that) I gave it to.) que2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud of him, gave him a hug.) que•* * *[d∧bəlju: eitʃ 'ou] abbr World Health Organization (Organização Mundial de Saúde). -
19 WHO
[hu:] 1. pronoun((used as the subject of a verb) what person(s)(?): Who is that woman in the green hat?; Who did that?; Who won?; Do you know who all these people are?) kdo2. relative pronoun1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously to distinguish him or them from others: used as the subject of a verb: usually replaceable by that) (the) one(s) that: The man who/that telephoned was a friend of yours; A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.) ki2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud, gave him a hug.) ki•- whoever3. pronoun1) (no matter who: Whoever rings, tell him/them I'm out.) kdorkoli2) ((also who ever) used in questions to express surprise etc: Whoever said that?) kdo vendar•- whom4. relative pronoun(used as the object of a verb or preposition but in everyday speech sometimes replaced by who)1) ((used to refer to a person or people mentioned previously, to distinguish him or them from others: able to be omitted or replaced by that except when following a preposition) (the) one(s) that: The man (whom/that) you mentioned is here; Today I met some friends (whom/that) I hadn't seen for ages; This is the man to whom I gave it; This is the man (whom/who/that) I gave it to.) ki2) (used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on a person or people: His mother, who was so proud of him, gave him a hug.) ki•* * *abbreviation -
20 ♦ lost
♦ lost /lɒst/A pass. e p. p. di to loseB a.1 perduto; perso; andato perso; smarrito: a lost cat, un gatto smarrito; a lost art, un'arte che s'è perduta; I was well and truly lost, mi ero perso senza rimedio; The letter was lost in the post, la lettera è andata smarrita; to get lost, perdersi, smarrirsi; andare smarrito; DIALOGO → - Lost child 2- Children get lost here everyday, qui i bambini si perdono ogni giorno2 perso; perduto; sprecato; mancato: a lost cause, una causa persa; a lost opportunity, un'occasione mancata3 (fig.) perduto; confuso; smarrito; disorientato; spaesato: I'd be lost without her, senza di lei sono perso; non so che farei senza di lei; to look lost, avere un'aria smarrita; sembrare spaesato● lost property, oggetti (pl.) smarriti □ Lost Property Office ( USA, Lost and Found Office), Ufficio oggetti smarriti □ ( arte) lost-wax process, cera persa □ All is not lost, non tutto è perduto □ to be lost at sea, morire in un naufragio; scomparire in mare □ to be lost for words, restare senza parole □ to be lost in st., essere immerso in qc.; essere tutto preso da qc.: He was lost in thought, era immerso (o assorto) nei suoi pensieri □ to be lost on (o upon) sb., non sortire effetto su; essere sprecato con: My warnings were completely lost on him, i miei avvertimenti sono stati del tutto sprecati con lui □ to be lost to the world, essere estraniato da tutto quello che sta intorno □ ( slang) Get lost!, fila!; scompari!; squagliati!, smamma! (pop.) □ (fam.) to get lost in the shuffle, andare smarrito nella confusione; essere ignorato nella confusione generale □ to give sb. [st.] up for lost, perdere la speranza di ritrovare q. [qc.].
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